h

Move left

j

Move down

k

Move up

l

Move right

w

Jump by start of words

W

Jump by words

e

Jump to end of words

E

Jump to end of words (no punctuation)

b

Jump backward by words (punctuation considered words)

B

Jump backward by words (no punctuation)

0

Start of line

^

First non-blank character of line

$

End of line

G

Go To command (prefix with number)

i

Start insert mode at cursor

I

Insert at the beginning of the line

a

Append after the cursor

A

Append at the end of the line

o

Open (append) blank line below current line (no need to press return)

O

Open blank line above current line

ea

Append at end word

Esc

Exit insert mode

r

Replace a single character (does not use insert mode)

J

Join line below to the current one

cc

Change (replace) an entire line

cw

Change (replace) to the end of word

c$

Change (replace) to the end of line

s

Delete character at cursor and subsitute text

S

Delete line at cursor and substitute text (same as cc)

xp

Transpose two letters (delete and paste, technically)

u

Undo

.

Repeat last command

v

Start visual mode, mark lines, then do command (such as y-yank)

V

Start Linewise visual mode

o

Move to other end of marked area

Ctrl+v

Start visual block mode

O

Move to other corner of block

aw

Mark a word

ab

A () block (with braces)

aB

A {} block (with brackets)

ib

Inner () block

iB

Inner {} block

Esc

Exit visual mode

>

Shift right

<

Shift left

y

yank (copy)marked text

d

Delete marked text

~

Switch case

yy

Yank (copy) a line

2yy

Yank 2 lines

yw

Yank word

y$

Yank to end of line

p

Put (paste) the clipboard after cursor

P

Put (paste) before cursor

dd

Delete (cut) a line

dw

Delete (cut) the current word

x

Delete (cut) current character

:w

Write (save) the file, but don't exit

:wq

Write (save) and quit

:q

Quit (fails if anything has changed)

:q!

Quit and throw away changes

/pattern

Search for pattern

?patten

Search backward for pattern

n

Repeat search in same direction

N

Repeat search in opposite direction

:%s/old/new/g

Replace all old with new throughout file

:%s/old/new/gc

Replace all old with new throughout file with confirmations

:e filename

Edit a file in a new buffer

:bnext

Go to next buffer

:bprev

Go to previous buffer

:bd

Delete a buffer (close a file)

:sp filename

Open a file in a new buffer and split window

Ctrl+ws

Split windows

Ctrl+ww

Switch between windows

Ctrl+wq

Quit a window

Ctrl+wv

Split windows vertically